Parallel Anthology Track 24
Track 24: Furry Lewis - Kassie Jones Victor 2166-A&B; Recorded in Memphis, Tennessee, 28.8.1928
Record label assigns authorship to "F Lewis" as does Harry Smith's Anthology booklet, victor.library.ucsb.edu and www.78discography.com.
According to wikipedia, Lewis died in 1981, which would put this composition in copyright until 1st January 2052.
The Roud Folksong Index classifies this song as a version of Roud 3247. A Roud number search returns several results which predate Lewis's recording, dating from as early as 1905 and ranging across several states (Mississippi, W Virginia, Georgia, Tennessee).
According to the Where Dead Voices Gather blog:
John Luther "Casey" Jones was a railroad engineer who worked on the Illinois Central Railroad. He was killed on April 30, 1900 when the passenger train he was driving collided with a stalled freight train at Vaughn, Mississippi.
[...]
The ballad commemorating Jones's death was reportedly written only days afterward by Wallace Saunders, a black railroad worker and a friend of Jones. The song has been recorded numerous times and in numerous variations. The story has also inspired other unrelated songs, such as the song "Casey Jones" by the Grateful Dead.
Lewis's version differs significantly with Saunders' original, being apparently adapted from the African-American railroad song "Charley Snyder" and the hobo song "Jay Gould's Daughter."
So, despite the claim to authorship on the label, the song seems to be constructed from a variety of public domain elements.
Parallel anthology main index page
Alternative Versions
Casey Jones by Mrs. Laura McDonald and Reba Glaze recorded in 1958: Max Hunter Collection
Casey Jones by Mr. T. R. Hammond recorded in 1958: Max Hunter Collection